$ sudo apt-get remove docker \
               docker-engine \
               docker.io

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg \
    lsb-release

$ curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

# 官方源
# $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

$ echo \
  "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null


# 官方源
# $ echo \
#   "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
#   $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

$ sudo systemctl enable docker
$ sudo systemctl start docker

$ sudo groupadd docker

$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

$ docker run --rm hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
b8dfde127a29: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:308866a43596e83578c7dfa15e27a73011bdd402185a84c5cd7f32a88b501a24
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

$ systemctl cat docker | grep '\-\-registry\-mirror'

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl restart docker

$ docker pull [选项] [Docker Registry 地址[:端口号]/]仓库名[:标签]

$ docker run -it --rm ubuntu:18.04 bash

root@e7009c6ce357:/# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="18.04.1 LTS (Bionic Beaver)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS"
VERSION_ID="18.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=bionic
UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic

$ docker image ls
REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
redis                latest              5f515359c7f8        5 days ago          183 MB
nginx                latest              05a60462f8ba        5 days ago          181 MB
mongo                3.2                 fe9198c04d62        5 days ago          342 MB
<none>               <none>              00285df0df87        5 days ago          342 MB
ubuntu               18.04               329ed837d508        3 days ago          63.3MB
ubuntu               bionic              329ed837d508        3 days ago          63.3MB

$ docker system df

TYPE                TOTAL               ACTIVE              SIZE                RECLAIMABLE
Images              24                  0                   1.992GB             1.992GB (100%)
Containers          1                   0                   62.82MB             62.82MB (100%)
Local Volumes       9                   0                   652.2MB             652.2MB (100%)
Build Cache                                                 0B                  0B

## 格式化输出
$ docker image ls --format "table \t\t"
IMAGE ID            REPOSITORY          TAG
5f515359c7f8        redis               latest
05a60462f8ba        nginx               latest
fe9198c04d62        mongo               3.2
00285df0df87        <none>              <none>
329ed837d508        ubuntu              18.04
329ed837d508        ubuntu              bionic

$ docker image rm [选项] <镜像1> [<镜像2> ...]

$ docker volume create my-vol

$ docker volume ls

DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
local               my-vol

$ docker volume inspect my-vol
[
​    {
​        "Driver": "local",
​        "Labels": {},
​        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/my-vol/_data",
​        "Name": "my-vol",
​        "Options": {},
​        "Scope": "local"
​    }
]

$ docker run -d -P \
​    --name web \
​    \# -v my-vol:/usr/share/nginx/html \
​    --mount source=my-vol,target=/usr/share/nginx/html \
​    nginx:alpine

$ docker inspect web

`数据卷` 信息在 "Mounts" Key 下面
"Mounts": [
​    {
​        "Type": "volume",
​        "Name": "my-vol",
​        "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/my-vol/_data",
​        "Destination": "/usr/share/nginx/html",
​        "Driver": "local",
​        "Mode": "",
​        "RW": true,
​        "Propagation": ""
​    }
],

$ docker volume rm my-vol

$ docker volume prune

$ docker run -d -P \
​    --name web \
​    \# -v /src/webapp:/usr/share/nginx/html \
​    --mount type=bind,source=/src/webapp,target=/usr/share/nginx/html \
​    nginx:alpine

$ docker run -d -P \
​    --name web \
​    \# -v /src/webapp:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro \
​    --mount type=bind,source=/src/webapp,target=/usr/share/nginx/html,readonly \
​    nginx:alpine

$ docker inspect web

$ docker run --rm -it \
   \# -v $HOME/.bash_history:/root/.bash_history \
   --mount ype=bind,source=$HOME/.bash_history,target=/root/.bash_history \
   ubuntu:18.04 \
   bash
root@2affd44b4667:/# history
1  ls
2  diskutil list

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

# create and run container
$ docker run -dit ubuntu
243c32535da7d142fb0e6df616a3c3ada0b8ab417937c853a9e1c251f499f550
# check container
$ docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
243c32535da7        ubuntu:latest       "/bin/bash"         18 seconds ago      Up 17 seconds                           nostalgic_hypatia
# attach to container
$ docker attach 243c
root@243c32535da7:/#

$ docker run -dit ubuntu
69d137adef7a8a689cbcb059e94da5489d3cddd240ff675c640c8d96e84fe1f6

$ docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
69d137adef7a        ubuntu:latest       "/bin/bash"         18 seconds ago      Up 17 seconds                           zealous_swirles

$ docker exec -i 69d1 bash
ls
bin
boot
dev
...

$ docker exec -it 69d1 bash
root@69d137adef7a:/#

$ docker container rm trusting_newton
trusting_newton

$ docker container prune

$ docker run -d -P nginx:alpine
$ docker container ls -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
fae320d08268        nginx:alpine        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   24 seconds ago      Up 20 seconds       0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp   bold_mcnulty

$ docker logs fa
172.17.0.1 - - [25/Aug/2020:08:34:04 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:80.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/80.0" "-"

$ docker run -d -p 80:80 nginx:alpine

$ docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1:80:80 nginx:alpine

$ docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1::80 nginx:alpine

$ docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1:80:80/udp nginx:alpine

$ docker port fa 80
0.0.0.0:32768

$ docker run -d \
    -p 80:80 \
    -p 443:443 \
    nginx:alpine

docker commit \
    --author "Tao Wang <twang2218@gmail.com>" \
    --message "修改了默认网页" \
    webserver \
    nginx:v2
sha256:07e33465974800ce65751acc279adc6ed2dc5ed4e0838f8b86f0c87aa1795214